Simple Habits of Good Infant Sleep

In the theme of my last post, Becoming a Co-sleeper, another benefit of sleeping with our babies, (and attachment-parenting in general), occurred to me the other night:

Photo courtesy of Neil J. Pelman Photography

We were spending a week at our brother and sister-in-law’s place in Vancouver while they were out of town, and by the last few days of our stay I realized that our 5-month-old seemed a lot fussier than usual during the day, and generally ‘out of sorts.’ I suggested to my partner that it could be because, after all, he had been in the same environment and general routine since birth, (except for the odd weekend spent away), so suddenly spending 7 days in a completely different visual/spacial configuration could no-doubt throw off his sense of continuity. My partner replied along the lines of, “Well, he still in your arms all the time. That hasn’t changed. He’s fine.”

I think it is indisputably beneficial to expose children to a variety of experiences; but, at the same time, much evidence points to the importance of young children having a sense of stability and consistency in their environment. For some parents, this means schedules. Ever heard someone say that babies “thrive on routine?” Some use a special blanket/toy or pacifier as a comforting placeholder. I’ve even read some books that suggest an elaborate routine consisting of special “wake times” that require feeding, then playing, then shushing, and leaving the baby in a dim room to sleep and repeat.  I think that’s bogus.  For us, this has meant quite simply that I myself am ‘The Constant’. Baby is in my arms (or the sling/ergo/other-arms), all day, free to sleep when he wants, and I bring him to bed with me at night. I don’t feel the need for a set schedule or routine for my babies because my nearly constant attachment to them fulfills that purpose, no matter where in the house  (on the continent), we happen to be.

Indeed, it did seem that so long as he was in my arms he would sleep as soundly and comfortably as ever, wherever sleep overtook him. The location or mattress may have been a little different, but my breathing, scent, and movements all went unchanged. The in-arms phase is so fleeting; it is a pleasure to embrace while it lasts.

More Scientific Benefits to Co-Sleeping: http://www.askdrsears.com/topics/sleep-problems/scientific-benefits-co-sleeping 

Art Thou Mom Enough?

Becoming a Co-sleeper

More and more research is emerging to confirm what most mammals already know; that sleeping together with our young offspring is a beneficial practice. The latest headline that caught my eye:

Sleeping With Parents May Help Sleep Quality Which Reduces Obesity Risk

“Dr Nanna Olsen from the Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Institute of Preventive Medicine at Copenhagen University Hospitals in Denmark presented new research at the 19th European Congress on Obesity in Lyon, France, which reveals that children who come into their parent’s bed during the night are less likely to be overweight than children who do not. “

I have always shared a bed with my babies, though I had not always planned to. I had never given it any thought until becoming pregnant and going over a list of “necessary” baby items like cribs and baby-monitors. Suddenly, the prospect of having to physically get out of bed in the night to nurse an infant fussing on the other side of the room (or worse, in ANOTHER room,) felt profoundly unnatural and inconvenient. I thought, “Can’t I just sleep beside my baby with my shirt off and not get up at all? Why does everyone seem to need a crib?” This question spurred me to do some research into sleeping arrangements while I was pregnant with my first child. After months of reading literature and countless anecdotes, co-sleeping (and bed-sharing) had the most compelling arguments and logic behind it; and, to my parenting “instinct,” it felt right. After all, my baby had just spent the last 9 months incubating inside me, feeling my heartbeat, my movements, and my voice. Why should the post-birth experience mean immediate isolation and sleep training? I could not find a persuasive argument to answer that.

We bought a big bed, and I became a happy co-sleeper.

Can I have some cream?

Last night I was in bed trying to put my daughter to sleep, (chatting and fooling around, of course,) when my partner popped his head in the room, and I asked him if he would go get me a glass of water. Wisely obliging, he went downstairs. When he returned and handed me glass, I said, “Thank-you!” and reached my hand out and took it.  “Thank you!” echoed my daughter cheekily as she reached out her hand as if to take an invisible glass herself. We chuckled, and he started back down stairs. “Wait! Can I have some cream?” she asked. (Yes, she prefers cream to milk.) “No sweetie, you may not.  It’s bed time, you already had a drink,” I replied, reflexively. Yes, he chimed in agreement. Yes, she had already had a drink, and surely she was stalling. Why not have a sip of mine? No, she wanted her own. She tried pouting. We stayed strong. Then whining. Followed by begging, ‘please! But I said PLEASE!.’ We held fast. This was a situation that could easily, on another night, have escalated into a power-struggle of Yes-No-Yes-No until it inevitably burst; either ending with us giving in under pretense of negotiation, ‘oh okay fine, I’ll get you the cream… IF you promise to go to sleep right after.” Or, with her in tears, fresh out of approaches, and inconsolable at the complete injustice of it all.  (After all, how would you feel?)

But, luckily, I had a realization. Of course she may have a drink cream! It didn’t matter if she’d just had one, or if she’d just had ten! It’s not like we were in a cream famine. (Like our tape famine, no doubt.) After all, there was no innate danger to a small glass of cream before bed, and if there was, well why not give her the opportunity to find out. Even if it means I could possibly wake up in a child’s puddle.

If this were the same social scenario where, if instead of a 4 year old girl, she was an adult, it would have been considered positively rude for us to not ask her if she too wanted something to begin with at the time when I made my own request. (Let alone flat-out refuse after she requested!) No, even if I thought the beverage would push someone to wet their pants, I should, within reason, respect their character enough to let them weigh the risks and rewards.

Since this was not an adult, but a nearly 4 year old, I felt I should be able to inform her of possible consequences but ultimately allow her the choice.

How we set limits, and when we allow freedom, is what we call differences in parenting styles.

What I experienced in that moment was a personal precedence; my choice to remove some of the limits on hers. I relayed to my partner my realization that there was no legitimacy to our refusal to grant her request, no matter how much he silently begrudged the hike back down and up 2 flights of stairs. He agreed, and she went down with him merrily to fetch the drink together.

When she returned to bed I explained to her why I had attempted to stop her from having another drink before bed, (that she would have to brush her teeth again, and may have to pee,) but that I felt she should be able to find out for herself.

Granting our kids more personal autonomy does not have to mean that we release them into the world, forced to make choices they cannot bear the consequences of. It can mean we equip them with learning opportunities early and consistently that prepare them for the far larger challenges; the kind that even we cannot anticipate.

Parenting happens in the small moments, yet emerges through big ones. We teach our children how to design and build relationships with the world, through their experience of the relationships around them.  If our role is to nourish their respect for themselves and others, we must start every time by granting them ours first. Parenting happens most boldly when we allow them to ultimately make a choice that we wouldn’t make. It occurred to me last night that this is also how I will know when my children have ‘grown up’; it’s not that they will have reached a certain age or distance, but that will finally have run out of these such moments to limit for them.

 

Follow NeoParent on Facebook 

Reacting in a Rush

Parenting is often easiest when we are relaxed and calm; and able to pre-meditate on our approach to various learning opportunities. The moments that can easily get the best of us are the rushed, distracted ones, (whether real or perceived.)  Being cognizant of our own reactive state is key to ensuring we don’t fall into a parenting cycle of reaction and rationalization.

The other night, in the midst of my attempt to prepare dinner in a timely manner with my baby on one hip, I realized halfway through cook time I had forgot to put in the separate (plain) chicken wings in the oven. Desperate to evade the inevitable outrage of my nearly-4-year-old daughter having to eat Louisiana hot-sauce spiked “adult” wings, I raced around to try and get it the plain ones thawed and prepped for the oven. In the corner of my eye I saw that she had our last roll of tape out and was tearing MASSIVE pieces out to stick to the floor. That familiar SCREAAAAACH as the endlessly long strand of cherished adhesive is being yanked with abandon.

I admit, my instinct was to bellow “Noooooooooooooo! Stopppp!” leap over, toss it back in the drawer and rush dramatically back to my oh-so-minor kitchen nightmare, while imploring the importance of preserving such a relic of modern convenience. (Must.Use.Sparingly! As though we are in some king of tape famine.) Luckily this was a more introspective day, and I got no further than the slow-motioned “Noooooooooooooo! Stopppp!” before I paused mid-leap to modify my extremely reactive approach. Internal dialogue was as follows;

Of course she wants to use the tape! My own overblown outburst was testament to the awe-worthy qualities of tape. It’s sticky! It’s useful! On the other hand, it’s still only tape, so who even cares, right?

So, rather than smuggling it away, (parenting Aha! moment FTW, sorry raw chicken,) I regained my composer and sat down. I tore off little pieces and showed her how to control the size while avoiding her fingers being pricked by the tape dispenser’s feisty metal teeth.  She was finished after happily sticking half a dozen small strips to some pieces of paper, and then we returned it to the drawer. She displayed her finished ‘art’ on the fridge.

5 minutes later, the plain wings made it to the oven, nobody harmed but, perhaps, the birds.

Encouraging bravery in telling the truth


Yesterday, I called my mom up to confess to her of an incident I recalled from my youth. As a young teenager, I had stolen some money from her drawer, and lied about it.  At the time, I had rationalized my actions, and then put it out of my mind.

Worse than the guilt I now felt, was the prospect of now having to call my mother to tell her. Not because I was afraid of her reaction, but because the very act of admitting it made me feel a twinge of fear. The mere suggestion of confronting the truth, out loud, was painful.

Why can the truth be so intimidating? It’s because it is powerful, It is inescapable, and ‘resistance is futile’. No matter what stories we construct in order to shield ourselves from it, or deny it, we cannot alter it. When we have been lying, the truth always threatens to expose us. And yet, it is the only thing that can set us free. The truth empowers us; it is the life force. It is undeniable.

I swallowed my fear and called her. My mother was surprised, but thanked me for the call. In a later message, she assured me that the past is in the past, and that any kids will do that at some time or another, and in know way does it discolor how she felt of me. “But,” she wrote, “Thank-you for being brave.

Brave enough to admit the truth: If a child suspects his parent may punish him for telling the truth, he will learn to lie in order to shield himself from consequence. It’s a protective instinct. One of the greatest services we can do for our children is to create room for them to speak the truth, to be relieved of burdens, by greeting their confessions with patience and gratitude as opposed to punishment and hostility. This can be hard to do in the moment, when your preschooler is showing you her lipstick portrait on the white walls,  but when you fast-forward 20 years, the incident will seem trivial; what remains will be the lesson and the attitude towards truth.

eHow has some suggestions for fun activities to encourage truth-telling in children: http://www.ehow.com/list_6454312_fun-activities-kids-telling-truth.html

Stress reactivity linked to early puberty

The New York Times had an interesting story the other day, chronicling the increasingly early age at which kids are entering puberty. There are the usual contributors cited for the lower age, including higher BMIs and exposure to environmental chemicals (xeno-estrogens such as BPA,) but the child’s stress reactivity is also listed as a factor.

In a study published in 2011, Bruce Ellis, a professor of Family Studies and Human Development at the University of Arizona, and his colleagues showed that children who are most reactive to stress — kids whose pulse, respiratory rate and cortisol levels fluctuate most in response to environmental challenges — entered puberty earliest.

“Evolutionary psychology offers a theory: A stressful childhood inclines a body toward early reproduction; if life is hard, best to mature young.”

Last week we posted a story about how the infant experience of repeat cortisol-inducing tools parents use, such as “cry it out” and spanking, can lay the foundations for a stress-reactive child.

This new evidence of the role stress reactivity plays in future health lends further reason to refuse these arbitrary cortisol-inducing parenting practices, in favor of gentle parenting.

Source: New York Times (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/magazine/puberty-before-age-10-a-new-normal.html?pagewanted=4&_r=1&ref=science)

Foundations of narcissism in infancy

Stress-reactive people are often what outsiders perceive as egocentric, paranoid, volatile, and often become violent in response to perceived threats. Being stress-reactive means you have a low tolerance for threat; and perceived threats will trigger irrational actions and can even destroy health and accelerate aging. (Robert Sapolsky summarizes this research in his bestseller, Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers.) In the face of a perceived threat, a stress-reactive individual’s compassion and empathy fly out the window, and self-preservation mode takes over. We often refer to those who default to this mode as being narcissists.

A fantastic article on Psychology Today talks about how stress-reactivity in adults can tear apart society, and it’s foundations form in infancy. One popular method that undermines healthy reactions to stress are methods that encourage parents to not respond to a child’s distress:

[When babies are left to cry, with no parental attempt at timely comforting,] epigenetic effects occur (genes are turned on or off and become part of subsequent cell generation). As a result, brain stress response systems can be wired permanently for oversensitivity and overreactivity (Anisman, Zaharia, Meaney, & Merali., 1998), leading to predispositions for clinical depression and anxiety (Barbas et al., 2003; de Kloet, Sibug, Helmerhorst, & Schmidt, 2005; see Watt & Panksepp, 2009, for a review), poor mental and physical health outcomes, and accelerated aging and mortality (for a review, Preston & de Waal, 2002)

Unrelieved distress in early life reduces the expression of GABA genes, leading to anxiety and depression disorders as well as increased use of alcohol for stress relief (Caldji, Francis, Sharma, Plotsky, & Meaney, 2000; Hsu et al., 2003). When emotional dysregulation becomes chronic, it forms the foundation for further psychopathologies (Cole, Michel & Teti, 1994), especially depression.

Infant emotional dysregulation is related to subsequent mental illness, including a propensity for violence (Davidson, Putnam & Larson, 2000). Stress that leads to “insecure attachment” disrupts emotional functioning, compromises social abilities and can promote a permanent bias towards self-preservation (Henry & Wang, 1998; also see Schore, in press, for a review). Children who are not nurtured well in early life tend to be more stress reactive, aggressive and troublesome.

Bottom line: Parents shape self-control in babyhood with nurturing care. Making sure babies’ needs are met promptly builds calm systems. Parents who don’t respond to baby’s needs lead to systems that are poorly shaped and easily stressed. What the baby’s body “practices” (calmness or distress) becomes habitual.

(source: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/moral-landscapes/201203/adults-out-control-the-spread-stress-reactivity)

 Babies cannot sooth their own distress, and require a caregiver to calm them down when crying or alarmed. How we respond to their cues lays a foundation for future stress responses; cries that are not responded to flood the brain with stress-hormone cortisol, which can prevent the formation of critical neuron synapses in critical areas of the brain responsible for forming attachments and emotional wellbeing.
The message is clear: old advice to leave babies alone to “self-sooth” is erroneous and damaging; not responding to cries in a timely manner lays a poor foundation for mental health.
Anticipating stressful situations and reactions before they escalate is easier than trying to relax a hysterical baby. Practicing empathic attachment-parenting ensures that care-givers and babies are in sync.

Weekly round up

Here’s what else we’ve been reading this week:

(c)j.phipps/shutterstockEarly exposure to germs has lasting benefits: 
Findings help to explain how microbes programme a developing immune system. (via Nature.com)

 

No More Timeouts, No More Tiger Moms: How to Discipline Your Kids by Disciplining Yourself:  
Article by Mayim Bialik, Ph.D. Author of Beyond the Sling (via TipsonLifeandLove.com)

Feeding Your Baby On Demand ‘May Contribute to Higher IQ’

Yet another reason to ignore advice that says to feed your baby on a schedule: Babies fed on demand demonstrate higher IQ scores.

Credit: © Oleg Kozlov / Fotolia

Credit: © Oleg Kozlov / Fotolia

“The finding is based on the results of IQ tests and school-based SATs tests carried out between the ages of five and 14, which show that demand-feeding was associated with higher IQ scores. The IQ scores of eight-year-old children who had been demand-fed as babies were between four and five points higher than the scores of schedule-fed children, says the study published in the European Journal of Public Health.”

Science Daily


More info on the benefits of nursing a baby on demand